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### Generic Build Instructions
### Generic Build Instructions ### #### Setup
#### Setup #### To build Google Test and your tests that use it, you need to tell your build
system where to find its headers and source files. The exact way to do it
depends on which build system you use, and is usually straightforward.
To build Google Test and your tests that use it, you need to tell your #### Build
build system where to find its headers and source files. The exact
way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually
straightforward.
#### Build #### Suppose you put Google Test in directory `${GTEST_DIR}`. To build it, create a
library build target (or a project as called by Visual Studio and Xcode) to
Suppose you put Google Test in directory `${GTEST_DIR}`. To build it, compile
create a library build target (or a project as called by Visual Studio
and Xcode) to compile
${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
with `${GTEST_DIR}/include` in the system header search path and `${GTEST_DIR}` with `${GTEST_DIR}/include` in the system header search path and `${GTEST_DIR}`
in the normal header search path. Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc, in the normal header search path. Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,
something like the following will do: something like the following will do:
g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \ g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
@ -26,98 +24,94 @@ something like the following will do:
(We need `-pthread` as Google Test uses threads.) (We need `-pthread` as Google Test uses threads.)
Next, you should compile your test source file with Next, you should compile your test source file with `${GTEST_DIR}/include` in
`${GTEST_DIR}/include` in the system header search path, and link it the system header search path, and link it with gtest and any other necessary
with gtest and any other necessary libraries: libraries:
g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgtest.a \ g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgtest.a \
-o your_test -o your_test
As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can use to build
use to build Google Test on systems where GNU make is available Google Test on systems where GNU make is available (e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and
(e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin). It doesn't try to build Google Cygwin). It doesn't try to build Google Test's own tests. Instead, it just
Test's own tests. Instead, it just builds the Google Test library and builds the Google Test library and a sample test. You can use it as a starting
a sample test. You can use it as a starting point for your own build point for your own build script.
script.
If the default settings are correct for your environment, the If the default settings are correct for your environment, the following commands
following commands should succeed: should succeed:
cd ${GTEST_DIR}/make cd ${GTEST_DIR}/make
make make
./sample1_unittest ./sample1_unittest
If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of `make/Makefile` to make If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of `make/Makefile` to make them go
them go away. There are instructions in `make/Makefile` on how to do away. There are instructions in `make/Makefile` on how to do it.
it.
### Using CMake ### ### Using CMake
Google Test comes with a CMake build script ( Google Test comes with a CMake build script (
[CMakeLists.txt](https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/CMakeLists.txt)) that can be used on a wide range of platforms ("C" stands for [CMakeLists.txt](https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/CMakeLists.txt))
cross-platform.). If you don't have CMake installed already, you can that can be used on a wide range of platforms ("C" stands for cross-platform.).
download it for free from <http://www.cmake.org/>. If you don't have CMake installed already, you can download it for free from
<http://www.cmake.org/>.
CMake works by generating native makefiles or build projects that can CMake works by generating native makefiles or build projects that can be used in
be used in the compiler environment of your choice. You can either the compiler environment of your choice. You can either build Google Test as a
build Google Test as a standalone project or it can be incorporated standalone project or it can be incorporated into an existing CMake build for
into an existing CMake build for another project. another project.
#### Standalone CMake Project #### #### Standalone CMake Project
When building Google Test as a standalone project, the typical When building Google Test as a standalone project, the typical workflow starts
workflow starts with: with:
mkdir mybuild # Create a directory to hold the build output. mkdir mybuild # Create a directory to hold the build output.
cd mybuild cd mybuild
cmake ${GTEST_DIR} # Generate native build scripts. cmake ${GTEST_DIR} # Generate native build scripts.
If you want to build Google Test's samples, you should replace the If you want to build Google Test's samples, you should replace the last command
last command with with
cmake -Dgtest_build_samples=ON ${GTEST_DIR} cmake -Dgtest_build_samples=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
If you are on a \*nix system, you should now see a Makefile in the If you are on a \*nix system, you should now see a Makefile in the current
current directory. Just type 'make' to build gtest. directory. Just type 'make' to build gtest.
If you use Windows and have Visual Studio installed, a `gtest.sln` file If you use Windows and have Visual Studio installed, a `gtest.sln` file and
and several `.vcproj` files will be created. You can then build them several `.vcproj` files will be created. You can then build them using Visual
using Visual Studio. Studio.
On Mac OS X with Xcode installed, a `.xcodeproj` file will be generated. On Mac OS X with Xcode installed, a `.xcodeproj` file will be generated.
#### Incorporating Into An Existing CMake Project #### #### Incorporating Into An Existing CMake Project
If you want to use gtest in a project which already uses CMake, then a If you want to use gtest in a project which already uses CMake, then a more
more robust and flexible approach is to build gtest as part of that robust and flexible approach is to build gtest as part of that project directly.
project directly. This is done by making the GoogleTest source code This is done by making the GoogleTest source code available to the main build
available to the main build and adding it using CMake's and adding it using CMake's `add_subdirectory()` command. This has the
`add_subdirectory()` command. This has the significant advantage that significant advantage that the same compiler and linker settings are used
the same compiler and linker settings are used between gtest and the between gtest and the rest of your project, so issues associated with using
rest of your project, so issues associated with using incompatible incompatible libraries (eg debug/release), etc. are avoided. This is
libraries (eg debug/release), etc. are avoided. This is particularly particularly useful on Windows. Making GoogleTest's source code available to the
useful on Windows. Making GoogleTest's source code available to the
main build can be done a few different ways: main build can be done a few different ways:
* Download the GoogleTest source code manually and place it at a * Download the GoogleTest source code manually and place it at a known
known location. This is the least flexible approach and can make location. This is the least flexible approach and can make it more difficult
it more difficult to use with continuous integration systems, etc. to use with continuous integration systems, etc.
* Embed the GoogleTest source code as a direct copy in the main * Embed the GoogleTest source code as a direct copy in the main project's
project's source tree. This is often the simplest approach, but is source tree. This is often the simplest approach, but is also the hardest to
also the hardest to keep up to date. Some organizations may not keep up to date. Some organizations may not permit this method.
permit this method. * Add GoogleTest as a git submodule or equivalent. This may not always be
* Add GoogleTest as a git submodule or equivalent. This may not possible or appropriate. Git submodules, for example, have their own set of
always be possible or appropriate. Git submodules, for example, advantages and drawbacks.
have their own set of advantages and drawbacks. * Use CMake to download GoogleTest as part of the build's configure step. This
* Use CMake to download GoogleTest as part of the build's configure is just a little more complex, but doesn't have the limitations of the other
step. This is just a little more complex, but doesn't have the methods.
limitations of the other methods.
The last of the above methods is implemented with a small piece The last of the above methods is implemented with a small piece of CMake code in
of CMake code in a separate file (e.g. `CMakeLists.txt.in`) which a separate file (e.g. `CMakeLists.txt.in`) which is copied to the build area and
is copied to the build area and then invoked as a sub-build then invoked as a sub-build _during the CMake stage_. That directory is then
_during the CMake stage_. That directory is then pulled into the pulled into the main build with `add_subdirectory()`. For example:
main build with `add_subdirectory()`. For example:
New file `CMakeLists.txt.in`: New file `CMakeLists.txt.in`:
@ -176,101 +170,93 @@ Existing build's `CMakeLists.txt`:
target_link_libraries(example gtest_main) target_link_libraries(example gtest_main)
add_test(NAME example_test COMMAND example) add_test(NAME example_test COMMAND example)
Note that this approach requires CMake 2.8.2 or later due to Note that this approach requires CMake 2.8.2 or later due to its use of the
its use of the `ExternalProject_Add()` command. The above `ExternalProject_Add()` command. The above technique is discussed in more detail
technique is discussed in more detail in in [this separate article](http://crascit.com/2015/07/25/cmake-gtest/) which
[this separate article](http://crascit.com/2015/07/25/cmake-gtest/) also contains a link to a fully generalized implementation of the technique.
which also contains a link to a fully generalized implementation
of the technique.
##### Visual Studio Dynamic vs Static Runtimes ##### ##### Visual Studio Dynamic vs Static Runtimes
By default, new Visual Studio projects link the C runtimes dynamically By default, new Visual Studio projects link the C runtimes dynamically but
but Google Test links them statically. Google Test links them statically. This will generate an error that looks
This will generate an error that looks something like the following: something like the following: gtest.lib(gtest-all.obj) : error LNK2038: mismatch
gtest.lib(gtest-all.obj) : error LNK2038: mismatch detected for 'RuntimeLibrary': value 'MTd_StaticDebug' doesn't match value 'MDd_DynamicDebug' in main.obj detected for 'RuntimeLibrary': value 'MTd_StaticDebug' doesn't match value
'MDd_DynamicDebug' in main.obj
Google Test already has a CMake option for this: `gtest_force_shared_crt` Google Test already has a CMake option for this: `gtest_force_shared_crt`
Enabling this option will make gtest link the runtimes dynamically too, Enabling this option will make gtest link the runtimes dynamically too, and
and match the project in which it is included. match the project in which it is included.
### Legacy Build Scripts ### ### Legacy Build Scripts
Before settling on CMake, we have been providing hand-maintained build Before settling on CMake, we have been providing hand-maintained build
projects/scripts for Visual Studio, Xcode, and Autotools. While we projects/scripts for Visual Studio, Xcode, and Autotools. While we continue to
continue to provide them for convenience, they are not actively provide them for convenience, they are not actively maintained any more. We
maintained any more. We highly recommend that you follow the highly recommend that you follow the instructions in the above sections to
instructions in the above sections to integrate Google Test integrate Google Test with your existing build system.
with your existing build system.
If you still need to use the legacy build scripts, here's how: If you still need to use the legacy build scripts, here's how:
The msvc\ folder contains two solutions with Visual C++ projects. The msvc\ folder contains two solutions with Visual C++ projects. Open the
Open the `gtest.sln` or `gtest-md.sln` file using Visual Studio, and you `gtest.sln` or `gtest-md.sln` file using Visual Studio, and you are ready to
are ready to build Google Test the same way you build any Visual build Google Test the same way you build any Visual Studio project. Files that
Studio project. Files that have names ending with -md use DLL have names ending with -md use DLL versions of Microsoft runtime libraries (the
versions of Microsoft runtime libraries (the /MD or the /MDd compiler /MD or the /MDd compiler option). Files without that suffix use static versions
option). Files without that suffix use static versions of the runtime of the runtime libraries (the /MT or the /MTd option). Please note that one must
libraries (the /MT or the /MTd option). Please note that one must use use the same option to compile both gtest and the test code. If you use Visual
the same option to compile both gtest and the test code. If you use Studio 2005 or above, we recommend the -md version as /MD is the default for new
Visual Studio 2005 or above, we recommend the -md version as /MD is projects in these versions of Visual Studio.
the default for new projects in these versions of Visual Studio.
On Mac OS X, open the `gtest.xcodeproj` in the `xcode/` folder using On Mac OS X, open the `gtest.xcodeproj` in the `xcode/` folder using Xcode.
Xcode. Build the "gtest" target. The universal binary framework will Build the "gtest" target. The universal binary framework will end up in your
end up in your selected build directory (selected in the Xcode selected build directory (selected in the Xcode "Preferences..." -> "Building"
"Preferences..." -> "Building" pane and defaults to xcode/build). pane and defaults to xcode/build). Alternatively, at the command line, enter:
Alternatively, at the command line, enter:
xcodebuild xcodebuild
This will build the "Release" configuration of gtest.framework in your This will build the "Release" configuration of gtest.framework in your default
default build location. See the "xcodebuild" man page for more build location. See the "xcodebuild" man page for more information about
information about building different configurations and building in building different configurations and building in different locations.
different locations.
If you wish to use the Google Test Xcode project with Xcode 4.x and If you wish to use the Google Test Xcode project with Xcode 4.x and above, you
above, you need to either: need to either:
* update the SDK configuration options in xcode/Config/General.xconfig. * update the SDK configuration options in xcode/Config/General.xconfig.
Comment options `SDKROOT`, `MACOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET`, and `GCC_VERSION`. If Comment options `SDKROOT`, `MACOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET`, and `GCC_VERSION`. If
you choose this route you lose the ability to target earlier versions you choose this route you lose the ability to target earlier versions of
of MacOS X. MacOS X.
* Install an SDK for an earlier version. This doesn't appear to be * Install an SDK for an earlier version. This doesn't appear to be supported
supported by Apple, but has been reported to work by Apple, but has been reported to work
(http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5378518). (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5378518).
### Tweaking Google Test ### ### Tweaking Google Test
Google Test can be used in diverse environments. The default Google Test can be used in diverse environments. The default configuration may
configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in not work (or may not work well) out of the box in some environments. However,
some environments. However, you can easily tweak Google Test by you can easily tweak Google Test by defining control macros on the compiler
defining control macros on the compiler command line. Generally, command line. Generally, these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define
these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define them to either 1 them to either 1 or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
We list the most frequently used macros below. For a complete list, We list the most frequently used macros below. For a complete list, see file
see file [include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h). [include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h).
### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ### ### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library
Some Google Test features require the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) Some Google Test features require the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) tuple
tuple library, which is not yet available with all compilers. The library, which is not yet available with all compilers. The good news is that
good news is that Google Test implements a subset of TR1 tuple that's Google Test implements a subset of TR1 tuple that's enough for its own need, and
enough for its own need, and will automatically use this when the will automatically use this when the compiler doesn't provide TR1 tuple.
compiler doesn't provide TR1 tuple.
Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test uses.
uses. However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple, you need to However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple, you need to tell Google Test to
tell Google Test to use the same TR1 tuple library the rest of your use the same TR1 tuple library the rest of your project uses, or the two tuple
project uses, or the two tuple implementations will clash. To do implementations will clash. To do that, add
that, add
-DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0 -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0
to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test and your tests. If to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test and your tests. If you want to
you want to force Google Test to use its own tuple library, just add force Google Test to use its own tuple library, just add
-DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1 -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1
@ -282,15 +268,15 @@ If you don't want Google Test to use tuple at all, add
and all features using tuple will be disabled. and all features using tuple will be disabled.
### Multi-threaded Tests ### ### Multi-threaded Tests
Google Test is thread-safe where the pthread library is available. Google Test is thread-safe where the pthread library is available. After
After `#include "gtest/gtest.h"`, you can check the `GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE` `#include "gtest/gtest.h"`, you can check the `GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE` macro to see
macro to see whether this is the case (yes if the macro is `#defined` to whether this is the case (yes if the macro is `#defined` to 1, no if it's
1, no if it's undefined.). undefined.).
If Google Test doesn't correctly detect whether pthread is available If Google Test doesn't correctly detect whether pthread is available in your
in your environment, you can force it with environment, you can force it with
-DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1 -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
@ -298,26 +284,24 @@ or
-DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0 -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
When Google Test uses pthread, you may need to add flags to your When Google Test uses pthread, you may need to add flags to your compiler and/or
compiler and/or linker to select the pthread library, or you'll get linker to select the pthread library, or you'll get link errors. If you use the
link errors. If you use the CMake script or the deprecated Autotools CMake script or the deprecated Autotools script, this is taken care of for you.
script, this is taken care of for you. If you use your own build If you use your own build script, you'll need to read your compiler and linker's
script, you'll need to read your compiler and linker's manual to manual to figure out what flags to add.
figure out what flags to add.
### As a Shared Library (DLL) ### ### As a Shared Library (DLL)
Google Test is compact, so most users can build and link it as a Google Test is compact, so most users can build and link it as a static library
static library for the simplicity. You can choose to use Google Test for the simplicity. You can choose to use Google Test as a shared library (known
as a shared library (known as a DLL on Windows) if you prefer. as a DLL on Windows) if you prefer.
To compile *gtest* as a shared library, add To compile *gtest* as a shared library, add
-DGTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY=1 -DGTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
to the compiler flags. You'll also need to tell the linker to produce to the compiler flags. You'll also need to tell the linker to produce a shared
a shared library instead - consult your linker's manual for how to do library instead - consult your linker's manual for how to do it.
it.
To compile your *tests* that use the gtest shared library, add To compile your *tests* that use the gtest shared library, add
@ -325,31 +309,28 @@ To compile your *tests* that use the gtest shared library, add
to the compiler flags. to the compiler flags.
Note: while the above steps aren't technically necessary today when Note: while the above steps aren't technically necessary today when using some
using some compilers (e.g. GCC), they may become necessary in the compilers (e.g. GCC), they may become necessary in the future, if we decide to
future, if we decide to improve the speed of loading the library (see improve the speed of loading the library (see
<http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Visibility> for details). Therefore you are <http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Visibility> for details). Therefore you are recommended
recommended to always add the above flags when using Google Test as a to always add the above flags when using Google Test as a shared library.
shared library. Otherwise a future release of Google Test may break Otherwise a future release of Google Test may break your build script.
your build script.
### Avoiding Macro Name Clashes ### ### Avoiding Macro Name Clashes
In C++, macros don't obey namespaces. Therefore two libraries that In C++, macros don't obey namespaces. Therefore two libraries that both define a
both define a macro of the same name will clash if you `#include` both macro of the same name will clash if you `#include` both definitions. In case a
definitions. In case a Google Test macro clashes with another Google Test macro clashes with another library, you can force Google Test to
library, you can force Google Test to rename its macro to avoid the rename its macro to avoid the conflict.
conflict.
Specifically, if both Google Test and some other code define macro Specifically, if both Google Test and some other code define macro FOO, you can
FOO, you can add add
-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1 -DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1
to the compiler flags to tell Google Test to change the macro's name to the compiler flags to tell Google Test to change the macro's name from `FOO`
from `FOO` to `GTEST_FOO`. Currently `FOO` can be `FAIL`, `SUCCEED`, to `GTEST_FOO`. Currently `FOO` can be `FAIL`, `SUCCEED`, or `TEST`. For
or `TEST`. For example, with `-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST=1`, you'll example, with `-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST=1`, you'll need to write
need to write
GTEST_TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... } GTEST_TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }