diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h
index fa50903b..70092157 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h
@@ -1607,9 +1607,8 @@ class PointeeMatcher {
   template <typename Pointer>
   class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Pointer> {
    public:
-    typedef
-        typename PointeeOf<typename std::remove_const<GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(
-            Pointer)>::type>::type Pointee;
+    typedef typename PointeeOf<typename std::remove_const<
+        typename std::remove_reference<Pointer>::type>::type>::type Pointee;
 
     explicit Impl(const InnerMatcher& matcher)
         : matcher_(MatcherCast<const Pointee&>(matcher)) {}
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h
index 0d1adda5..66429dfa 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h
@@ -1320,8 +1320,8 @@ class ReferenceOrValueWrapper {
 
   // Provides nondestructive access to the underlying value/reference.
   // Always returns a const reference (more precisely,
-  // const RemoveReference<T>&). The behavior of calling this after
-  // calling Unwrap on the same object is unspecified.
+  // const std::add_lvalue_reference<T>::type). The behavior of calling this
+  // after calling Unwrap on the same object is unspecified.
   const T& Peek() const {
     return value_;
   }
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h
index 1770d5e7..53b6d976 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h
@@ -336,10 +336,6 @@ GTEST_API_ WithoutMatchers GetWithoutMatchers();
 
 // Type traits.
 
-// remove_reference<T>::type removes the reference from type T, if any.
-template <typename T> struct remove_reference { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
-template <typename T> struct remove_reference<T&> { typedef T type; }; // NOLINT
-
 // Disable MSVC warnings for infinite recursion, since in this case the
 // the recursion is unreachable.
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc
index 67b7077f..7df4078e 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc
@@ -506,18 +506,6 @@ TEST(LogTest, OnlyWarningsArePrintedWhenVerbosityIsInvalid) {
   TestLogWithSeverity("invalid", kWarning, true);
 }
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
-
-TEST(TypeTraitsTest, remove_reference) {
-  EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<char, remove_reference<char&>::type>::value));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(
-      (std::is_same<const int, remove_reference<const int&>::type>::value));
-  EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int, remove_reference<int>::type>::value));
-  EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<double*, remove_reference<double*>::type>::value));
-}
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
-
 // Verifies that Log() behaves correctly for the given verbosity level
 // and log severity.
 std::string GrabOutput(void(*logger)(), const char* verbosity) {
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
index 37daf214..3a98ce48 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
@@ -856,30 +856,16 @@ template <typename T>
 struct CompileAssertTypesEqual<T, T> {
 };
 
-// Removes the reference from a type if it is a reference type,
-// otherwise leaves it unchanged.  This is the same as
-// tr1::remove_reference, which is not widely available yet.
-template <typename T>
-struct RemoveReference { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
-template <typename T>
-struct RemoveReference<T&> { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
-
-// A handy wrapper around RemoveReference that works when the argument
-// T depends on template parameters.
-#define GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T) \
-    typename ::testing::internal::RemoveReference<T>::type
-
 // Turns const U&, U&, const U, and U all into U.
 #define GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(T) \
-  typename std::remove_const<GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T)>::type
+  typename std::remove_const<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type
 
 // IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value is a compile-time bool constant that's
 // true if T is type proto2::Message or a subclass of it.
 template <typename T>
 struct IsAProtocolMessage
     : public bool_constant<
-  std::is_convertible<const T*, const ::proto2::Message*>::value> {
-};
+          std::is_convertible<const T*, const ::proto2::Message*>::value> {};
 
 // When the compiler sees expression IsContainerTest<C>(0), if C is an
 // STL-style container class, the first overload of IsContainerTest
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc b/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc
index 5020d732..12c5a871 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc
@@ -262,7 +262,6 @@ using testing::internal::OsStackTraceGetterInterface;
 using testing::internal::ParseInt32Flag;
 using testing::internal::RelationToSourceCopy;
 using testing::internal::RelationToSourceReference;
-using testing::internal::RemoveReference;
 using testing::internal::ShouldRunTestOnShard;
 using testing::internal::ShouldShard;
 using testing::internal::ShouldUseColor;
@@ -7110,30 +7109,6 @@ TEST(CompileAssertTypesEqual, CompilesWhenTypesAreEqual) {
   CompileAssertTypesEqual<int*, int*>();
 }
 
-// Tests that RemoveReference does not affect non-reference types.
-TEST(RemoveReferenceTest, DoesNotAffectNonReferenceType) {
-  CompileAssertTypesEqual<int, RemoveReference<int>::type>();
-  CompileAssertTypesEqual<const char, RemoveReference<const char>::type>();
-}
-
-// Tests that RemoveReference removes reference from reference types.
-TEST(RemoveReferenceTest, RemovesReference) {
-  CompileAssertTypesEqual<int, RemoveReference<int&>::type>();
-  CompileAssertTypesEqual<const char, RemoveReference<const char&>::type>();
-}
-
-// Tests GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_.
-
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-void TestGTestRemoveReference() {
-  CompileAssertTypesEqual<T1, GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T2)>();
-}
-
-TEST(RemoveReferenceTest, MacroVersion) {
-  TestGTestRemoveReference<int, int>();
-  TestGTestRemoveReference<const char, const char&>();
-}
-
 // Tests GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_.
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2>