// Copyright 2007, Google Inc. // All rights reserved. // // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are // met: // // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the // distribution. // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from // this software without specific prior written permission. // // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. // // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan) // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes. // // This file implements a universal value printer that can print a // value of any type T: // // void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter::Print(value, ostream_ptr); // // A user can teach this function how to print a class type T by // defining either operator<<() or PrintTo() in the namespace that // defines T. More specifically, the FIRST defined function in the // following list will be used (assuming T is defined in namespace // foo): // // 1. foo::PrintTo(const T&, ostream*) // 2. operator<<(ostream&, const T&) defined in either foo or the // global namespace. // // If none of the above is defined, it will print the debug string of // the value if it is a protocol buffer, or print the raw bytes in the // value otherwise. // // To aid debugging: when T is a reference type, the address of the // value is also printed; when T is a (const) char pointer, both the // pointer value and the NUL-terminated string it points to are // printed. // // We also provide some convenient wrappers: // // // Prints a value as the given type to a string. // string ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter::PrintToString(value); // // // Prints a value tersely: for a reference type, the referenced // // value (but not the address) is printed; for a (const) char // // pointer, the NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is // // printed. // void ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrint(const T& value, ostream*); // // // Prints the fields of a tuple tersely to a string vector, one // // element for each field. // std::vector UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings( // const Tuple& value); #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_PRINTERS_H_ #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_PRINTERS_H_ #include // NOLINT #include #include #include #include #include #include #include namespace testing { // Definitions in the 'internal' and 'internal2' name spaces are // subject to change without notice. DO NOT USE THEM IN USER CODE! namespace internal2 { // Prints the given number of bytes in the given object to the given // ostream. void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count, ::std::ostream* os); // TypeWithoutFormatter::PrintValue(value, os) is called // by the universal printer to print a value of type T when neither // operator<< nor PrintTo() is defined for type T. When T is // ProtocolMessage, proto2::Message, or a subclass of those, kIsProto // will be true and the short debug string of the protocol message // value will be printed; otherwise kIsProto will be false and the // bytes in the value will be printed. template class TypeWithoutFormatter { public: static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintBytesInObjectTo(reinterpret_cast(&value), sizeof(value), os); } }; template class TypeWithoutFormatter { public: static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) { // Both ProtocolMessage and proto2::Message have the // ShortDebugString() method, so the same implementation works for // both. ::std::operator<<(*os, "<" + value.ShortDebugString() + ">"); } }; // Prints the given value to the given ostream. If the value is a // protocol message, its short debug string is printed; otherwise the // bytes in the value are printed. This is what // UniversalPrinter::Print() does when it knows nothing about type // T and T has no << operator. // // A user can override this behavior for a class type Foo by defining // a << operator in the namespace where Foo is defined. // // We put this operator in namespace 'internal2' instead of 'internal' // to simplify the implementation, as much code in 'internal' needs to // use << in STL, which would conflict with our own << were it defined // in 'internal'. // // Note that this operator<< takes a generic std::basic_ostream type instead of the more restricted std::ostream. If // we define it to take an std::ostream instead, we'll get an // "ambiguous overloads" compiler error when trying to print a type // Foo that supports streaming to std::basic_ostream, as the compiler cannot tell whether // operator<<(std::ostream&, const T&) or // operator<<(std::basic_stream, const Foo&) is more // specific. template ::std::basic_ostream& operator<<( ::std::basic_ostream& os, const T& x) { TypeWithoutFormatter::value>:: PrintValue(x, &os); return os; } } // namespace internal2 } // namespace testing // This namespace MUST NOT BE NESTED IN ::testing, or the name look-up // magic needed for implementing UniversalPrinter won't work. namespace testing_internal { // Used to print a value that is not an STL-style container when the // user doesn't define PrintTo() for it. template void DefaultPrintNonContainerTo(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) { // With the following statement, during unqualified name lookup, // testing::internal2::operator<< appears as if it was declared in // the nearest enclosing namespace that contains both // ::testing_internal and ::testing::internal2, i.e. the global // namespace. For more details, refer to the C++ Standard section // 7.3.4-1 [namespace.udir]. This allows us to fall back onto // testing::internal2::operator<< in case T doesn't come with a << // operator. // // We cannot write 'using ::testing::internal2::operator<<;', which // gcc 3.3 fails to compile due to a compiler bug. using namespace ::testing::internal2; // NOLINT // Assuming T is defined in namespace foo, in the next statement, // the compiler will consider all of: // // 1. foo::operator<< (thanks to Koenig look-up), // 2. ::operator<< (as the current namespace is enclosed in ::), // 3. testing::internal2::operator<< (thanks to the using statement above). // // The operator<< whose type matches T best will be picked. // // We deliberately allow #2 to be a candidate, as sometimes it's // impossible to define #1 (e.g. when foo is ::std, defining // anything in it is undefined behavior unless you are a compiler // vendor.). *os << value; } } // namespace testing_internal namespace testing { namespace internal { // UniversalPrinter::Print(value, ostream_ptr) prints the given // value to the given ostream. The caller must ensure that // 'ostream_ptr' is not NULL, or the behavior is undefined. // // We define UniversalPrinter as a class template (as opposed to a // function template), as we need to partially specialize it for // reference types, which cannot be done with function templates. template class UniversalPrinter; // Used to print an STL-style container when the user doesn't define // a PrintTo() for it. template void DefaultPrintTo(IsContainer /* dummy */, false_type /* is not a pointer */, const C& container, ::std::ostream* os) { const size_t kMaxCount = 32; // The maximum number of elements to print. *os << '{'; size_t count = 0; for (typename C::const_iterator it = container.begin(); it != container.end(); ++it, ++count) { if (count > 0) { *os << ','; if (count == kMaxCount) { // Enough has been printed. *os << " ..."; break; } } *os << ' '; PrintTo(*it, os); } if (count > 0) { *os << ' '; } *os << '}'; } // Used to print a pointer that is neither a char pointer nor a member // pointer, when the user doesn't define PrintTo() for it. (A member // variable pointer or member function pointer doesn't really point to // a location in the address space. Their representation is // implementation-defined. Therefore they will be printed as raw // bytes.) template void DefaultPrintTo(IsNotContainer /* dummy */, true_type /* is a pointer */, T* p, ::std::ostream* os) { if (p == NULL) { *os << "NULL"; } else { // We cannot use implicit_cast or static_cast here, as they don't // work when p is a function pointer. *os << reinterpret_cast(p); } } // Used to print a non-container, non-pointer value when the user // doesn't define PrintTo() for it. template void DefaultPrintTo(IsNotContainer /* dummy */, false_type /* is not a pointer */, const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) { ::testing_internal::DefaultPrintNonContainerTo(value, os); } // Prints the given value using the << operator if it has one; // otherwise prints the bytes in it. This is what // UniversalPrinter::Print() does when PrintTo() is not specialized // or overloaded for type T. // // A user can override this behavior for a class type Foo by defining // an overload of PrintTo() in the namespace where Foo is defined. We // give the user this option as sometimes defining a << operator for // Foo is not desirable (e.g. the coding style may prevent doing it, // or there is already a << operator but it doesn't do what the user // wants). template void PrintTo(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) { // DefaultPrintTo() is overloaded. The type of its first two // arguments determine which version will be picked. If T is an // STL-style container, the version for container will be called; if // T is a pointer, the pointer version will be called; otherwise the // generic version will be called. // // Note that we check for container types here, prior to we check // for protocol message types in our operator<<. The rationale is: // // For protocol messages, we want to give people a chance to // override Google Mock's format by defining a PrintTo() or // operator<<. For STL containers, other formats can be // incompatible with Google Mock's format for the container // elements; therefore we check for container types here to ensure // that our format is used. // // The second argument of DefaultPrintTo() is needed to bypass a bug // in Symbian's C++ compiler that prevents it from picking the right // overload between: // // PrintTo(const T& x, ...); // PrintTo(T* x, ...); DefaultPrintTo(IsContainerTest(0), is_pointer(), value, os); } // The following list of PrintTo() overloads tells // UniversalPrinter::Print() how to print standard types (built-in // types, strings, plain arrays, and pointers). // Overloads for various char types. void PrintCharTo(char c, int char_code, ::std::ostream* os); inline void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintCharTo(c, c, os); } inline void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintCharTo(c, c, os); } inline void PrintTo(char c, ::std::ostream* os) { // When printing a plain char, we always treat it as unsigned. This // way, the output won't be affected by whether the compiler thinks // char is signed or not. PrintTo(static_cast(c), os); } // Overloads for other simple built-in types. inline void PrintTo(bool x, ::std::ostream* os) { *os << (x ? "true" : "false"); } // Overload for wchar_t type. // Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal // code otherwise and also as its decimal code (except for L'\0'). // The L'\0' char is printed as "L'\\0'". The decimal code is printed // as signed integer when wchar_t is implemented by the compiler // as a signed type and is printed as an unsigned integer when wchar_t // is implemented as an unsigned type. void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ::std::ostream* os); // Overloads for C strings. void PrintTo(const char* s, ::std::ostream* os); inline void PrintTo(char* s, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTo(implicit_cast(s), os); } // MSVC can be configured to define wchar_t as a typedef of unsigned // short. It defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED when wchar_t is a native // type. When wchar_t is a typedef, defining an overload for const // wchar_t* would cause unsigned short* be printed as a wide string, // possibly causing invalid memory accesses. #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED) // Overloads for wide C strings void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s, ::std::ostream* os); inline void PrintTo(wchar_t* s, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTo(implicit_cast(s), os); } #endif // Overload for C arrays. Multi-dimensional arrays are printed // properly. // Prints the given number of elements in an array, without printing // the curly braces. template void PrintRawArrayTo(const T a[], size_t count, ::std::ostream* os) { UniversalPrinter::Print(a[0], os); for (size_t i = 1; i != count; i++) { *os << ", "; UniversalPrinter::Print(a[i], os); } } // Overloads for ::string and ::std::string. #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING void PrintStringTo(const ::string&s, ::std::ostream* os); inline void PrintTo(const ::string& s, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintStringTo(s, os); } #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING #if GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string&s, ::std::ostream* os); inline void PrintTo(const ::std::string& s, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintStringTo(s, os); } #endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING // Overloads for ::wstring and ::std::wstring. #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring&s, ::std::ostream* os); inline void PrintTo(const ::wstring& s, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintWideStringTo(s, os); } #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring&s, ::std::ostream* os); inline void PrintTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintWideStringTo(s, os); } #endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING // Overload for ::std::tr1::tuple. Needed for printing function // arguments, which are packed as tuples. typedef ::std::vector Strings; // This helper template allows PrintTo() for tuples and // UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings() to be defined by // induction on the number of tuple fields. The idea is that // TuplePrefixPrinter::PrintPrefixTo(t, os) prints the first N // fields in tuple t, and can be defined in terms of // TuplePrefixPrinter. // The inductive case. template struct TuplePrefixPrinter { // Prints the first N fields of a tuple. template static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) { TuplePrefixPrinter::PrintPrefixTo(t, os); *os << ", "; UniversalPrinter::type> ::Print(::std::tr1::get(t), os); } // Tersely prints the first N fields of a tuple to a string vector, // one element for each field. template static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple& t, Strings* strings) { TuplePrefixPrinter::TersePrintPrefixToStrings(t, strings); ::std::stringstream ss; UniversalTersePrint(::std::tr1::get(t), &ss); strings->push_back(ss.str()); } }; // Base cases. template <> struct TuplePrefixPrinter<0> { template static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple&, ::std::ostream*) {} template static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple&, Strings*) {} }; template <> template void TuplePrefixPrinter<1>::PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) { UniversalPrinter::type>:: Print(::std::tr1::get<0>(t), os); } // Helper function for printing a tuple. T must be instantiated with // a tuple type. template void PrintTupleTo(const T& t, ::std::ostream* os) { *os << "("; TuplePrefixPrinter< ::std::tr1::tuple_size::value>:: PrintPrefixTo(t, os); *os << ")"; } // Overloaded PrintTo() for tuples of various arities. We support // tuples of up-to 10 fields. The following implementation works // regardless of whether tr1::tuple is implemented using the // non-standard variadic template feature or not. inline void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<>& t, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTupleTo(t, os); } template void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTupleTo(t, os); } template void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTupleTo(t, os); } template void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTupleTo(t, os); } template void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTupleTo(t, os); } template void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTupleTo(t, os); } template void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTupleTo(t, os); } template void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTupleTo(t, os); } template void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTupleTo(t, os); } template void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTupleTo(t, os); } template void PrintTo( const ::std::tr1::tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) { PrintTupleTo(t, os); } // Overload for std::pair. template void PrintTo(const ::std::pair& value, ::std::ostream* os) { *os << '('; UniversalPrinter::Print(value.first, os); *os << ", "; UniversalPrinter::Print(value.second, os); *os << ')'; } // Implements printing a non-reference type T by letting the compiler // pick the right overload of PrintTo() for T. template class UniversalPrinter { public: // MSVC warns about adding const to a function type, so we want to // disable the warning. #ifdef _MSC_VER #pragma warning(push) // Saves the current warning state. #pragma warning(disable:4180) // Temporarily disables warning 4180. #endif // _MSC_VER // Note: we deliberately don't call this PrintTo(), as that name // conflicts with ::testing::internal::PrintTo in the body of the // function. static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) { // By default, ::testing::internal::PrintTo() is used for printing // the value. // // Thanks to Koenig look-up, if T is a class and has its own // PrintTo() function defined in its namespace, that function will // be visible here. Since it is more specific than the generic ones // in ::testing::internal, it will be picked by the compiler in the // following statement - exactly what we want. PrintTo(value, os); } // A convenient wrapper for Print() that returns the print-out as a // string. static string PrintToString(const T& value) { ::std::stringstream ss; Print(value, &ss); return ss.str(); } #ifdef _MSC_VER #pragma warning(pop) // Restores the warning state. #endif // _MSC_VER }; // UniversalPrintArray(begin, len, os) prints an array of 'len' // elements, starting at address 'begin'. template void UniversalPrintArray(const T* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os) { if (len == 0) { *os << "{}"; } else { *os << "{ "; const size_t kThreshold = 18; const size_t kChunkSize = 8; // If the array has more than kThreshold elements, we'll have to // omit some details by printing only the first and the last // kChunkSize elements. // TODO(wan@google.com): let the user control the threshold using a flag. if (len <= kThreshold) { PrintRawArrayTo(begin, len, os); } else { PrintRawArrayTo(begin, kChunkSize, os); *os << ", ..., "; PrintRawArrayTo(begin + len - kChunkSize, kChunkSize, os); } *os << " }"; } } // This overload prints a (const) char array compactly. void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os); // Prints an array of 'len' elements, starting at address 'begin', to a string. template string UniversalPrintArrayToString(const T* begin, size_t len) { ::std::stringstream ss; UniversalPrintArray(begin, len, &ss); return ss.str(); } // Implements printing an array type T[N]. template class UniversalPrinter { public: // Prints the given array, omitting some elements when there are too // many. static void Print(const T (&a)[N], ::std::ostream* os) { UniversalPrintArray(a, N, os); } // A convenient wrapper for Print() that returns the print-out as a // string. static string PrintToString(const T (&a)[N]) { return UniversalPrintArrayToString(a, N); } }; // Implements printing a reference type T&. template class UniversalPrinter { public: // MSVC warns about adding const to a function type, so we want to // disable the warning. #ifdef _MSC_VER #pragma warning(push) // Saves the current warning state. #pragma warning(disable:4180) // Temporarily disables warning 4180. #endif // _MSC_VER static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) { // Prints the address of the value. We use reinterpret_cast here // as static_cast doesn't compile when T is a function type. *os << "@" << reinterpret_cast(&value) << " "; // Then prints the value itself. UniversalPrinter::Print(value, os); } // A convenient wrapper for Print() that returns the print-out as a // string. static string PrintToString(const T& value) { ::std::stringstream ss; Print(value, &ss); return ss.str(); } #ifdef _MSC_VER #pragma warning(pop) // Restores the warning state. #endif // _MSC_VER }; // Prints a value tersely: for a reference type, the referenced value // (but not the address) is printed; for a (const) char pointer, the // NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is printed. template void UniversalTersePrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) { UniversalPrinter::Print(value, os); } inline void UniversalTersePrint(const char* str, ::std::ostream* os) { if (str == NULL) { *os << "NULL"; } else { UniversalPrinter::Print(string(str), os); } } inline void UniversalTersePrint(char* str, ::std::ostream* os) { UniversalTersePrint(static_cast(str), os); } // Prints the fields of a tuple tersely to a string vector, one // element for each field. See the comment before // UniversalTersePrint() for how we define "tersely". template Strings UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(const Tuple& value) { Strings result; TuplePrefixPrinter< ::std::tr1::tuple_size::value>:: TersePrintPrefixToStrings(value, &result); return result; } } // namespace internal } // namespace testing #endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_PRINTERS_H_