Google C++ Mocking Framework
============================
http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/
Overview
--------
Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes on Linux,
Mac OS X, and Windows. Inspired by jMock, EasyMock, and Hamcrest, and
designed with C++'s specifics in mind, it can help you derive better
designs of your system and write better tests.
Google Mock:
- provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks,
- can easily define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real
and mock objects,
- handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions,
- comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments,
- uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock,
- does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay
needed),
- allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on
function calls to be expressed,
- lets a user extend it by defining new matchers and actions.
- does not use exceptions, and
- is easy to learn and use.
Please see the project page above for more information as well as mailing lists
for questions, discussions, and development. There is also an IRC channel on
OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available. Please join us!
Please note that code under scripts/generator/ is from the cppclean
project (http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) and under the Apache
License.
Requirements
------------
Google Mock is not a testing framework itself. Instead, it needs a
testing framework for writing tests. Currently Google Mock only works
with Google Test (http://code.google.com/p/googletest/), although
eventually we plan to support other C++ testing frameworks. You can
use either the copy of Google Test that comes with Google Mock, or a
compatible version you already have.
TODO(wan@google.com): describe which Google Test versions are
compatible with the latest Google Mock release.
Google Mock depends on advanced C++ features and thus requires a more
modern compiler. The following are needed to use Google Mock:
### Linux Requirements ###
These are the base requirements to build and use Google Mock from a source
package (as described below):
* GNU-compatible Make or "gmake"
* POSIX-standard shell
* POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h)
* gcc 4.0 or newer
Furthermore, if you are building Google Mock from a VCS Checkout (also
described below), there are further requirements:
* Automake version 1.9 or newer
* Autoconf version 2.59 or newer
* Libtool / Libtoolize
* Python version 2.3 or newer
### Windows Requirements ###
* Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 SP1 or newer
* An implementation of the tr1 C++ library (You can get it for free
from http://www.boost.org/. We have verified that version 1.36.0
works. One caveat is this implementation exposes a bug in Visual
C++'s <type_info> header when exceptions are disabled. Therefore
your project must enable exceptions for this configuration to work.)
### Mac OS X Requirements ###
* Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer
* Developer Tools Installed
Getting the Source
------------------
There are two primary ways of getting Google Mock's source code: you can
download a source release in your preferred archive format, or directly check
out the source from a Version Control System (VCS, we use Google Code's
Subversion hosting). The VCS checkout requires a few extra steps and some extra
software packages on your system, but lets you track development, and make
patches to contribute much more easily, so we highly encourage it.
### VCS Checkout: ###
The first step is to select whether you want to check out the main line of
development on Google Mock, or one of the released branches. The former will be
much more active and have the latest features, but the latter provides much
more stability and predictability. Choose whichever fits your needs best, and
proceed with the following Subversion commands:
$ svn checkout http://googlemock.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ gmock-svn
or for a release version X.Y.*'s branch:
$ svn checkout http://googlemock.googlecode.com/svn/branches/release-X.Y/ \
gmock-X.Y-svn
Next you will need to prepare the GNU Autotools build system, if you
are using Linux or Mac OS X. Enter the target directory of the
checkout command you used ('gmock-svn' or 'gmock-X.Y-svn' above) and
proceed with the following commands:
$ aclocal-1.9 # Where "1.9" must match the following automake command.
$ libtoolize -c # Use "glibtoolize -c" instead on Mac OS X.
$ autoheader
$ automake-1.9 -ac # See Automake version requirements above.
$ autoconf
While this is a bit complicated, it will most often be automatically re-run by
your "make" invocations, so in practice you shouldn't need to worry too much.
Once you have completed these steps, you are ready to build the library.
TODO(chandlerc@google.com): Update the above with instructions on
preparing the build system for Google Test.
### Source Package: ###
Google Mock is also released in source packages which can be downloaded from
its Google Code download page[1]. Several different archive formats are
provided, but the only difference is the tools used to manipulate them, and the
size of the resulting file. Download whichever you are most comfortable with.
[1] Google Mock Downloads: http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/downloads/list
Once downloaded expand the archive using whichever tools you prefer for that
type. This will always result in a new directory with the name "gmock-X.Y.Z"
which contains all of the source code. Here are some examples in Linux:
$ tar -xvzf gmock-X.Y.Z.tar.gz
$ tar -xvjf gmock-X.Y.Z.tar.bz2
$ unzip gmock-X.Y.Z.zip
Building the Source
-------------------
### Linux and Mac OS X (without Xcode) ###
There are two primary options for building the source at this point: build it
inside the source code tree, or in a separate directory. We recommend building
in a separate directory as that tends to produce both more consistent results
and be easier to clean up should anything go wrong, but both patterns are
supported. The only hard restriction is that while the build directory can be
a subdirectory of the source directory, the opposite is not possible and will
result in errors. Once you have selected where you wish to build Google Mock,
create the directory if necessary, and enter it. The following steps apply for
either approach by simply substituting the shell variable SRCDIR with "." for
building inside the source directory, and the relative path to the source
directory otherwise.
$ ${SRCDIR}/configure # Standard GNU configure script, --help for more info
$ make # Standard makefile following GNU conventions
$ make check # Builds and runs all tests - all should pass
Other programs will only be able to use Google Mock's functionality if you
install it in a location which they can access, in Linux this is typically
under '/usr/local'. The following command will install all of the Google Mock
libraries, public headers, and utilities necessary for other programs and
libraries to leverage it:
$ sudo make install # Not necessary, but allows use by other programs
TODO(chandlerc@google.com): This section needs to be expanded when the
'gmock-config' script is finished and Autoconf macro's are provided (or not
provided) in order to properly reflect the process for other programs to
locate, include, and link against Google Mock.
Finally, should you need to remove Google Mock from your system after having
installed it, run the following command, and it will back out its changes.
However, note carefully that you must run this command on the *same* Google
Mock build that you ran the install from, or the results are not predictable.
If you install Google Mock on your system, and are working from a VCS checkout,
make sure you run this *before* updating your checkout of the source in order
to uninstall the same version which you installed.
$ sudo make uninstall # Must be run against the exact same build as "install"
TODO(chandlerc@google.com): Fixes the above instructions to match the
actual implementation.
### Windows ###
We don't have the Visual Studio project files for Google Mock ready
yet. Please see the next two sections on how you can integrate Google
Mock into your project's build system.
### Using GNU Make ###
The make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can use to build
Google Mock on systems where GNU make is available (e.g. Linux and Mac
OS X). It doesn't try to build Google Mock's own tests. Instead, it
just builds the Google Mock libraries and some sample tests. You can
use it as a starting point for your own Makefile.
If the default settings are correct for your environment, the
following commands should succeed:
$ cd ${SRCDIR}/make
$ make
$ ./gmock_test
If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of make/Makefile to make
them go away. There are instructions in make/Makefile on how to do
it.
### Using Your Own Build System ###
If none of the build solutions we provide works for you, or if you
prefer your own build system, you just need to compile
${GTEST_SRCDIR}/src/gtest-all.cc (where GTEST_SRCDIR is the root of
the Google Test source tree) and src/gmock-all.cc into a library and
link your tests with it. Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,
something like the following will do:
$ cd ${SRCDIR}
$ g++ -I. -I./include -I${GTEST_SRCDIR} -I${GTEST_SRCDIR}/include \
-c {GTEST_SRCDIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
$ g++ -I. -I./include -I${GTEST_SRCDIR} -I${GTEST_SRCDIR}/include \
-c src/gmock-all.cc
$ ar -rv libgmock.a gtest-all.o gmock-all.o
$ g++ -I. -I./include -I${GTEST_SRCDIR} -I${GTEST_SRCDIR}/include \
path/to/your_test.cc libgmock.a -o your_test
On Windows, you'll also need to add the include path for the boost
headers to the compiler command line. See
http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_36_0/doc/html/boost_tr1/usage.html for
how to do it.
Regenerating Source Files
-------------------------
Some of Google Mock's source files are generated from templates (not
in the C++ sense) using a script. A template file is named FOO.pump,
where FOO is the name of the file it will generate. For example, the
file include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump is used to generate
gmock-generated-actions.h in the same directory.
Normally you don't need to worry about regenerating the source files,
unless you need to modify them (e.g. if you are working on a patch for
Google Mock). In that case, you should modify the corresponding .pump
files instead and run the 'pump' script (for Pump is Useful for Meta
Programming) to regenerate them. We are still working on releasing
the script and its documentation. If you need it now, please email
googlemock@googlegroups.com such that we know to make it happen
sooner.
Happy testing!
